Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting individuals worldwide, and India is no exception. According to various studies, the incidence of colorectal cancer is rising sharply across the country, with urban areas like Chandigarh witnessing alarming trends. As we emphasize the importance of early detection and prevention, understanding the objectives and guidelines of colorectal cancer screening becomes essential.

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer refers to cancers that develop in the colon or rectum, part of the large intestine. It often begins as small polyps, which can eventually become cancerous. Early-stage colorectal cancer may not exhibit symptoms, making screening crucial for early detection and increasing survival rates.

The Importance of Screening

Screening for colorectal cancer is vital for several reasons:

1. Early Detection: Identifying cancer at an early stage significantly improves treatment outcomes. Early-stage tumors are often more treatable and less likely to have spread.

2. Preventive Measures: Screening can identify precancerous polyps, which can be removed before they develop into cancer.

3. Increasing Awareness: Regular screenings educate the community about colorectal health, encouraging individuals to take an active role in their gastrointestinal health.

Screening Guidelines

In Chandigarh and many other regions, health organizations recommend starting regular screenings at age 45. However, individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, specific genetic conditions, or other risk factors may need to begin screening earlier. Here are some common screening methods:

1. Colonoscopy: This procedure involves a doctor using a long, flexible tube with a camera to visually examine the colon and rectum. It is typically recommended every ten years for those at average risk.

2. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: This procedure examines the rectum and lower part of the colon and is usually recommended every five years.

3. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): A non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in the stool, recommended annually.

4. CT Colonography: Also known as virtual colonoscopy, this imaging test can be done every five years and provides a less invasive option to visualize the colon.

Screening Facilities in Chandigarh

Chandigarh boasts a range of healthcare facilities equipped for colorectal cancer screening, including:

• Government Hospitals: Institutions like PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research) offer advanced screening and diagnostic services.

• Private Diagnostic Centers: Numerous private clinics provide a variety of screening options, from colonoscopies to home testing kits for stool analysis.

• Cancer Care Centers: Specialized centers focus on comprehensive cancer care and screening, providing tailored advice based on individual risk factors.

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